Lesson-11
t£TIyaæOa
- A pilgrimage
vsÓtkal:
- Springtime
k[z¤|bm
-
¢ptamh:
,
¢pta
(
SÄðr:
),
mata
(
uma
),
uxa
maEhn
c
.
Family - Grandfather, Father (Shankar), Mother (Uma),
Mohan and Usha.
uma
-
¢crat
vy|
¢vram|
n
p#açavÓt:
.
For a long time we have not had a vacation.
(It is a long time since we have had a vacation.)
A¢Þmn
g#£ÝmE
k[æOa{¢p
gÓtÛymEv
.
We should certainly go somewhere this summer.
AÞmat
jnsÄð[lat
ÞTanat
d\rE
k¢Þm|¢àt
pvItE
vnE
va
p#k]Ïya
sh
¢k¢·Ïkal|
vsam:
.
A place far away from this crowd into the mountains
or forests and spend some time with nature.
Aa
......
Aa|
n¥n|
¢hmalypvIt|
gÅCam:
,
¢hm¢SKra¢N
pÜyam:
?
Ah!..... Yes, yes we will go to the Himalayas and
view the snow capped peaks.
SÄðr:
-
¢cÓtyEym
.
Let me think.
A¢Þmn
s|vÏsrE
mm
el
z£
s£
¢vram:
p#aÔÞytE
.
This year my paid vacation is due.
tÞmat
ÛyyÞy
k]tE
¢cÓta|
¢vna
d\ryaæOa|
kÚp¢yt¤|
S;[m:
.
We can think of a long trip not worrying about the
expenses (or: and not worry about the expenses)
¢ptamh:
-
SÄðr
!,
¢crEN
mya
bdr£naT|
kEdarnaT|
c
d#¾¤|
A¢Bka¢Äütm
.
tÅc
mm
m¦ÏyaE:
p#akq
.
Shankar, for a long time I have had a wish to go to
Badrinath and Kedarnath before my death.
tv
mata
A¢p
ett
ev
ka¢Äütvt£.
prÓt¤
Þvlßy|
AlÖÒva
ev
sa
m¦ta
.
Your mother too had the same wish. But she died
without achieving her desire ( without getting her
wish fulfilled)
uma
-
Aa|
vy|
¢hmalypvIt|
ev
g¢mÝyam:
.
tTa
¹¬
sva©IäOm¬
Aaly¬
d#ßyam:
.
Yes, we will go to the Himalayas only and see two
of the most important shrines (temples).
Þmr¢s
va
? "
¢ptraE{¢p
t¦çaa:
Aam#a:
A¢p
¢s³a:
i¢t
"
.
Remember the saying? The manes are satisfied and the
mangoe trees also watered.
t¹t
p#k]¢t|
A¢p
BaEßyam:
ev|
p¤ÎygÄñaÞa"anm¢p
k¢rÝyam:
.
Like that we shall enjoy nature and also take our bath
in the holy Ganges.
SÄðr:
-
ev|
t¢hI
tdTI|
yaEjna|
k¢rÝyam:
.
If so, we shall plan our trip.
uxE
,
maEhn
y¤vyaE:
¢vïalyÞy
g#£Ým¢vram:
kda
Aar×ytE
?
Usha, Mohan when does your school's summer
vacation begin?
uma
-
t¢¼
mE
masÞy
Aar|BE
Kl¤
,
t¢hI
kda
tÞy
p¤nâ¼aznm
?
That is in the beginning of May and when does it
reopen?
maEhn
,
uxa
-
vWSaKÞy
mÒyE
.
Middle of Visaka (End of May)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
lesson -11 Part-2
SÄðr:
-
ev|
cEt
ek
masÞy
smy:
A¢Þt
Kl¤
?
AymEv
uäOm:
kal:
bdr£naTXEæO|
gÓt¤m
.
If so, we have a month's time and that is the
best time to go to Badrinath.
¢ptamh:
-
AXÙyt¦t£ya:
AnÓtrmEv
bdr£naT
-
kEdarnaTaly¬
dSInaTI|
u¼azyEtE
.
The two temples at Badrinath and Kedarnath open
for worship only after Akshaya thritheeya.
SÄðr:
-
S¦N¤
,
p#Tmtya
rEÚyanEn
dEhl£|
p#¢t
gÅCam:
.
tt:prm
....
h¢r¹ar|
p#¢t
rEÚyanEn
laEkyanEn
va
gÓt¤|
SÀytE
.
ATva
dEhrad\n
p#¢t
.....
.
Listen, first we go to Delhi by train and then ...
To Hardwar we can take a train or bus, or to
Dehra Doon....
¢ptamh:
-
h¢r¹armEv
gÅCam:
,
n
t¤
dEhrad\n
.
tæO
p¤ÎygÄñaya|
Þa"an|
k]Ïva
t£TIyaæOar|B|
k[mI:
.
Let us go to Hardwar and not Dehara Doon. After
a dip in the holy Ganges, we shall start our pilgrimage.
h¢r¹arXEæO|
sçamaEXp¤r£x¤
AÓytmm
.
knKlXEæOE
ev
dXÞy
¢Sr:
v£rBd#EN
CE¢dtm
.
It was at Kanakhal that Daksha's head was severed by
Veerabhadra.
maEhn
,
uxa
-
kTy
,
kTy
.
Tell me, Tell me !
kaE
va
dX:
,
kaE{y|
v£rBd#:
?
Who was Daksha ? And who is this Veerabhadra ?
¢ptamh:
-
AnÓtr|
vßya¢m
.
I will tell later.
SÄðr:
-
At:
ett
¢n¢àtm
.
So it is decided.
p¥vI|
dEhl£|
p#¢t
rEÚyanEn
g¢mÝyam:
.
First we go to Delhi by train.
tt:pr|
rEÚyanEn
ev
,
h¢r¹ar|
g¢mÝyam:
.
Then we go by train again, to Hardwar.
laEkyanat
rEÚyan|
s¤Ktrm
.
Train journey is more comfortable than journey
by bus.
¢pta
n
y¤va
Kl¤
.
Indeed! father is not young.
SÄðr:
-
kayaIly¹ara
AÞmak|
rEÚyanc£¢zkaya:
AarXN|
vatan¤k\l
-
¢æOÞtr
SynpE¢zkaya|
kar¢yÝya¢m
.
I will get our A/C three tier sleeper berths reserved
through my office.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
lesson 11 Part-3
cWæO
mÒyE
t£TIyaæOaya:
¢dvs:
.
Early May, the day of the pilgrimage.
uma
-
uxE
,
maEhn
,
²ES|
ma
k[âtm
.
Ah|
yaæOaTI|
sÇj£kraE¢m
.
Usha, Mohan, do not trouble me. I am preparing for
the trip.
gÅCtm
.
¢ptamhEn
sh
s|lap|
k[ât|
@£ftm
va.
Go, talk to your grandfather or play.
tat
,
Bvan
t¤
b¢h:
@£tan
pdaTaIn
n
Kad¢s
.
Father! you don't eat anything bought from outside.
tÞmat
ÏvdTI|
¢k¢·t
S¤ÝkBßya¢N
sÇj£kraE¢m
.
So I am preparing some dry food for you.
(that will last so that you can avoid eating food
from outside as far as possible.)
SÄðr:
-
umE
,
t£TIpaæOa¢N
krd£p:
ev|
SynÞy¥ta¢n
iÏyad£¢n
g¦h£ta¢n
va
?
Uma, have you taken water cans, flash light,
sleeping bags and such?
uxa
,
maEhn
-
tat
,
Aa|
.
A¢pc
¢s¼v¢tIka:
A¢g"pE¢zka
ev|
pZnaTI|
ka¢ncn
p¤Þtka¢n
A¢p
Þv£k]ta¢n
.
Father, yes. We have also packed candles, match box
and some books to read.
uma
-
Ah|
k¢tpya¢n
A¬xDa¢n
d£pna¢n
vÞt¥¢n
c
nEÝya¢m
.
I shall take few medicines and digestives.
SÄðr:
-
Ah|
p#yaN
-
DnadESan
nEÝya¢m
tæO
tæO
p¢T
¢väOkaESat
DnaÏmna
p¢rNam|
k[mI:
.
I will take some traveller's cheques. On the way
we can exchange them at banks for cash.
uxa
,
maEhn
-
¢vÞt¦t
-
karqyan|
Aagt|,
ev|
sE¢Ótl
A¢p
AæO
Aagtvan
AÞmak|
yaæOavÞt¥¢n
nEt¤m
.
The van is here and Senthil has come to pick up
our luggage.
uma
-
AÞt¤
.
gmnat
p#akq
dEvta|
p#aÐyI
yaæOa|
p#vtIyam:
.
OK, before departure, we shall pray to the Deity
and then proceed with our trip.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson-11 Part-4
At the station
rEÚyan
¢nlyE
SÄðr:
-
uxE
,
maEhn
,
itÞtt:
ma
Davtm
.
mm
hÞt|
g¦ÿ£t|
.
AÓyTa
jnsØmdEI
n¾¬
BvEtam
.
Usha, Mohan, Don't run here and there. Hold my hand,
lest you be lost in the crowd.
exa
t¤
vatan¤k\l
SynpE¢zka
,
prÓt¤
¢¹ÞtrSynpE¢zka
.
k[æO
A¢Þt
¢æOÞtrSynpE¢zka
?
Aa
...
tæO
A¢Þt
.
This is an airconditioned compartment but it is
two tier. Where is three tier? Ah! there it is.
sE¢Ótl
,
AÞmak|
yaæOavÞt¥¢n
tæO
ny
.
Syn£ysHqÁya
40
t:
44
pyIÓtm
.
Senthil, please take the luggage there. Berth
numbers 40 to 44.
SÄðr:
-
tat
Bvan
AæO
gvaXÞy
¢nkzE
up¢vSt¤
.
Father, you sit here next to the window.
maEhn
-
n¥n|
Ah|
tæO
up¢vSa¢m
.
I will sit near the window.
uxa
-
n
,
n
,
n¥n|
Ah|
tæO
up¢vSa¢m
.
No, no, I will sit there (near the window)
¢ptamh:
-
maEhn
Ïv|
mm
¢nkzE
AæO
up¢vS
.
uxE
Ïv|
t¤
mm
p¤rt:
tÞy
gvaXÞy
sm£pE
up¢vS
.
Mohan, you sit here next to me and Usha, you
sit in front of me near that window.
uäOm|
,
prÓt¤
kT|
AæO
Syn|
Bv¢t
?
SynÞTan|
k[æO
?
Ïv|
t¤
u³van
¢kl
"
SynpE¢zka
"
i¢t
.
Fine, but how do we lie down? Where is the
place (to sleep)? You said it is a sleeper compartment.
maEhn
,
uxa
-
ha
,
haha
(
hst:
)
tat
Bvan
n¥tn|
¢vïan|
¢k¢·t
n
jana¢t
.
Ha, Ha Ha! (laugh)
Grandfather, you don't know even a little bit
of things modern.
AæO
et|
SÄð[|
AakxIyt¤
,
pÜyt¤
Bvt:
Syn¢vÞtr|
Aagtm
.
AæO
Bvan
Syn|
kraE¢t
.
Pull this lever. See your sleeper berth is spread
(folds out). You will sleep here.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson-11 Part-5
prEï¤:
- Next Morning.
¢ptamh:
-
k[æO
vy|
p#açaa:
?
Where have we come?
SÄðr:
-
vy|
idan£|
¢vjyvafa
sm£pE
Þm:
.
We are now near Vijayavada.
¢ptamh:
-
AaE
!
AaÓD#p#dESE
Þm:
.
AæO
t¤
tEl¤g¤
Baxa
p#cl¢t.
gaEdavr£
t¤
sm£pE
A¢Þt
¢k|
?
k¢t
¢nmExa:
tæO
p#aça¤m
?
Oh! Are we in Andhra? Telugu is spoken here.
Isn't Godavari close by? How many minutes
to reach there?
jana¢t
va
Bd#acl|
,
yæO
Bgvan
½£ramcÓd#:
p¤ra
¢k¢·tkal|
Avst
,
s:
Aæ¬v
gaEdavr£t£rE
A¢Þt
.
Do you know Bhadrachalam, where long ago,
Lord Sri Ramachandra resided for some time?
It is situated here on the banks of the Godavari.
SÄðr:
-
it:
p#ay:
ekGÎzasmyE
p#ap"¤m:
.
prÓt¤
rEÚyan|
Bd#aclE
n
ÞTaÞy¢t
.
From here in about an hours time we will reach, but
the train does not stop at Bhadrachalam.
yda
rEÚyan|
sEt¤|
tr¢t
,
tda
nd£|
d#¾¤|
S;[m:
.
When the train crosses the bridge, we can see the river.
BaEjnaTI|
nagp¤r£|
p#aÔÞyam:
.
For lunch we will be at Nagpur.
(Means: by lunch time we will reach Nagpur)
¢ptamh:
-
nagp¤r£
AÞmak|
p#ac£n
klacarÞy
ek|
mht
kEÓd#|
Aas£t
.
Nagpur was a great center of our ancient culture.
sa
¢vdBIdESE
AÓtB¥Ita
.
She (Nagpur) is in Vidarbha.
uxE
,
maEhn
,
k:
jana¢t
?
¢vdBIdESÞy
p#Áyattma
rajp¤æO£
ka
Aas£t
i¢t
?
Usha, Mohan, Who (between the two) remembers?
who was the most famous princess of Vidarbha?
maEhn
-
Ah|
jana¢m
.
â¢ÀmN£
, S
½£k]ÝNÞy
¢p#ya
BayaI
.
I know. Rukmini, the dear wife of Sri Krishna.
uxa
-
dmyÓt£
A¢p
,
nlÞy
BayaI
.
Also Damayanti, wife of Nala.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson-11 Part-6
¢ptamh:
-
Aa|
.
A¢p
k¢vraja¢Draj:
ka¢ldas:
Aæ¬v
jat:
i¢t
ekE
.
Yes, according to some the king of kings among poets,
Kalidasa was also born here.
uma
-
tat
,
Bvt:
mD¤na
X£rEN
c
¢m¢½t|
p¦T¤k|
Kadt¤
.
Father, please eat your beaten rice mixed with
milk and honey.
SÄðr:
-
uxE
,
maEhn
,
pÜyt|
,
tat:
ÞvÞy
sa|p#da¢yk
"
kanI
PqlEÀs
"
Kad¢t
.
uma
,
AÞm×y|
upaharE
¢k|
p#yÅC¢s
?
Usha, Mohan, see, Father is eating his traditional
"corn flakes"! Uma, what are you giving us for
breakfast?
uma
-
p#t£XÞv
,
p¢rvExk:
AagÅC¢t
.
¢k|
Aany¢t
i¢t
pÜyam:
.
Wait, the caterer will come. Let us see what he brings.
SÖd:
-
upahar:
,
upahar:
.
Voice - Breakfast, breakfast.
SÄðr:
-
BaE
.
upaharay
¢k|
p#yÅC¢s
?
What are you giving (providing) for breakfast?
p¢rvExk:
-
Sakahar:
va
?
sa¢mxaE
va
?
Vegetarian or Nonvegetarian ?
SÄðr:
-
Sakahar:
.
Vegetarian.
p¢rvExk:
-
ifql£
,
vfa
,
paEÄñl
c
.
kaP£
caya
va.
Idli, Vada, Pongal. Coffee or Tea.
SÄðr:
-
k¢t
ãÔyka¢N
?
How much ? (How many Rupees?)
p¢rvExk:
-
¢v|S¢t
ãÔyka¢N
.
Twenty Rupees.
SÄðr:
-
sa¢mxE
¢k|
¢k|
p#yÅC¢s
?
What do you give in Non-vegetarian?
uma
-
¢kmTI|
p¦ÅC¢s
,
Ïv|
t¤
sa¢mx|
n
Kad¢s
.
Why do you ask? You do not eat Non-vegetarian.
SÄðr:
-
åOanaTI|
ev
.
Just to know.
p¢rvExk:
-
zaEÞzq
ev
AaØlEzq
.
Toast and Omelette.
SÄðr:
-
AÞmak|
ct¤r:
upaharan
Aanyt¤
.
Sakahar:
ev
.
ev|
ev
BaEjn|
kda
l×ytE
?
We will have four breakfasts. Vegetarian only.
By the way, when do we get lunch ?
p¢rvExk:
-
¢¹vadnE
nagp¤yaI|
,
smyE
p#aÔÞyam:
cEt
.
Two O'clock at Nagpur, if we reach on time.
d¢XN
Bart£ya
ev|
uäOrBart£ya
paEz¢lka
p#aÔya
.
South Indian and North Indian packets can be had.
AaEdn|
,
s¥p:
,
cÔpa¢äO:
p¥r£
va
,
Sak:
,
sa|barq
,
d¢D
ev|
pÔp¢zka
.
p·¢v|S¢t
ãÔyka¢N
.
Rice, lentils, chappati or puri, vegetables,
sambhar, curds (yoghurt) and papad.
Twenty five Rupees.
SÄðr:
-
AÞmak|
¢tÞa#:
paEz¢lka:
,
d¢XNBart£ya:
.
For us three lunch packets, Southern type.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson-11 Part-7
Apraþ:
- Afternoon
rEÚyan|
BartÞy
mÒyp#dESE
rØy|
vnSWla¢dmagI|
tr¢t
.
The train is passing through the beautiful forests and
mountains of central India.
maEhn
-
B¢g¢n
,
p¤n:
p¤n:
SWla:
,
p¤n:
p¤n:
kanna¢n
,
Çya¢mta|
n
An¤Bv¢s
va
?
Sister, again and again (these) hills, again and
again (the) forests. Don't you feel bored?
uxa
-
Aa|
.
AÓyt
¢k|
k¢rÝyav:
.
Yes, what else can we do?
maEhn
-
¢ptamh|
ka¢·t
kTa|
v³[|
p#aTIyav:
.
We shall request Grandfather to tell us some story.
uxa
-
sØykq
.
Good.
uxa
,
maEhn
-
tat
tat
kTa|
vdt¤
.
Grandfather, tell us a story.
tt
¢dnE
kT¢yÝya¢m
i¢t
Avdt
¢kl
.
ta|
kTa|
.
On that day you said you will tell us. That story.
¢ptamh:
-
ka|
kTa|
?
Which story?
uxa
-
h¢r¹arÞy
sm£pE
knKlXEæOE
¢SvEn
dXp#japtE:
¢Sr:
Apa¶t|
i¢t
Avdt
.
ta|
kTa|
vdt¤
.
You said that the head of Dakhaprajapti was severed by
Shiva at a place called kankhal near Hardwar. Tell that
story.
¢ptamh:
-
baF|
,
S¦N¤tm
.
Ok, listen.
bh¤kalat
p¥vI|
dX
i¢t
Áyat:
p#jap¢t:
Aas£t
.
Long time ago there was a prajapati called Daksha.
(A prajapati is a leader of the people )
tÞy
AnEka:
s¤ta:
Aasn
.
He had many daughters.
tasa|
mÒyE
AÓytma
st£
mhadEvÞy
d¢yta
Aas£t
.
Among them was Sati, the wife of Mahadeva.
(Mahadeva -Lord Shiva)
dX:
A¢t
uÏk]¾:
p¤âx:
Aas£t
.
(
AÏy¤Ïk]¾:
)
Daksha was a highly revered person.
tÞmat
sv©I
dEva:
tÞy
p#Nam|
Ak[vIn
.
So all the Gods prostrated before him.
maEhn
-
A¢p
Bgvan
¢vÝN¤:
p#Nm¢t
Þm
?
Even Lord Vishnu prostrated before him?
(The interrogative nature of the sentence must be
assumed)
¢ptamh:
-
n,
n.
No, no
uxa
-
¢SvaE{¢p
?
Shiva too?
¢ptamh:
-
n
,
tEn
karNEn
¢SvEn
sh
¢v¹Ex|
AkraEt
.
No, and so Daksha developed a hatred for Shiva.
dX:
knKlXEæOE
ek|
mhayåO|
kt¤I|
AarBt
.
Daksha started a great Yagna (sacrifice) at the place
Kanakhal.
t¢Þmn
yåOE
Bagg#hNaTI|
svaIn
dEvan
¢njd[¢ht_
c
Aaºyt
.
He called all the Gods and all his daughters to
take part in the sacrifice.
¢kÓt¤
st£mhadEvyaE:
¢nmÓæaN|
n
k]tvan
.
But he did not invite Sati and Mahadeva.
tTa¢p
st£
yåO|
d#¾¤|
¢ptr¬
d#¾¤|
c
uÏs¤ka
Aas£t
.
Still, Sati was very keen to attend the Yagna and
see her parents too.
sa
¢SvEn
¢nva¢rta
A¢p
tæO
AagÅCt
.
Despite Shiva's objections, she went there.
maEhn
-
dXEN
k£èS|
Aac¢rtm
?
What did Daksha do? (Here it means- in the context
of Sati's visit)
¢ptamh:
-
¢pæOa
sa
sØykq
Aaèta
.
She was treated well by her father.
yåOE
dX:
sv©Ixa|
dEvana|
yåOBag|
Addat
.
In the Yagna, Daksha offered oblations to all the Gods.
prÓt¤
s:
¢SvÞy
Bag|
n
sm¢pItvan
.
But he did not offer Shiva what was due to him.
ÞvÞy
Bt¤I:
Apmanat
st£
d[:¢Kta
ABvt
.
Sati was saddened by the insult to her husband.
sa
¢ptr|
tÞy
karN|
Ap¦ÅCt
.
She asked her father the reason for it.
tdan£|
dX:
¢SvÞy
¢nÓda|
AkraEt
.
Daksha then abused Shiva.
st£
Bt¤I
¢nÓda|
Ashmana
ÞvÞy
dEh|
yaEgag"¬
Adht
.
Unable to bear the abuse of her husband, Sati burnt
herself in the Yogagni (Sacrificial fire).
tÞya:
mrN|
½¤Ïva
¢Sv:
A¢t
â¾:
ABvt
.
Hearing of her death, Shiva was furious.
s:
ÞvÞy
sEnap¢t|
v£rBd#|
p#EÝy
dXÞy
yåO|
ÛynaSyt
.
He sent his commander in chief Veerabhadra and
destroyed Daksha's Yagna.
ev|
dXÞy
¢Sr:
A¢p
Apahrt
.
Also he severed the head of Daksha.
tt
XEæO|
yæO
dXÞy
¢Sr:
Aptt
,
tt
knKl
i¢t
¢vÁyat|
ABvt
.
That place where Daksha's head fell, became famous
as Kanakhal.
uxa
,
maEhn
-
tt:
pr|
¢k|
ABvt
?
What happened afterwards?
¢ptamh:
-
sv©I
dEva:
b#'aN|
p¤rÞk]Ïy
¢Sv|
AtaExyn
.
All the Gods with Brahma at the lead appeased
Shiva (through Hymns)
ev|
dXÞy
p¤nj£IvnaTI|
p#aTIyn
.
Also they prayed for bringing Daksha back to life.
¢Sv:
ekÞy
AjÞy
¢Sr:
Aal×y
,
dXÞy
glE
AyaEjyt
.
Cutting the head of a goat, Shiva fixed it to
the torso of Daksha.
ev|
dXÞy
p¤nj£Ivn|
AaBvt
.
Thus Daksha regained life.
p¤nj£I¢vt:
dX:
cmk|
i¢t
Áyat|
vEdÞtaEæO|
¢SvÞy
p#S|saya|
AkraEt
.
Daksha, who regained life, composed the Vedic Hymn
called Chamakam in praise of Lord Shiva.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson-11 Part-8
prEï¤:
,
dEhl£
rE¢Únlym
Next day, Delhi Railway station
SÄðr:
-
vy|
n¥tndEhl£
p#açavÓt:
.
We have reached New Delhi.
Aï
Ah¢n
AæO
¢ÞTÏva
,
raæO¬
h¢r¹ar|
p#¢t
mÞs¥r£
Ïv¢rtyanEn
gÅCam:
.
After staying here for the day, we will leave for
Hardwar, by the Mussorie express at night.
uma
-
idan£|
k[æO
gÅCam:
?
Where shall we go now?
SÄðr:
-
p#Tm½EN£
-
p#t£Xaly|
gÏva
,
tæO
Þa"ana¢dk|
k]Ïva,
tt:
AnÓtr|
dEhl£
ngr|
d#¾¤|
gÅCam:
.
We shall go to the First class waiting rooms, complete
our baths etc., and then go to see Delhi.
¢k¢·t
AnÓtrm
.
A little later.
p#atâpaharanÓtr|
tE
ngr|
d#¾¤|
gÅC¢Ót
.
After breakfast, they go to see the city.
¢ptamh:
-
dEhl£
ngrÞy
p#ac£n
nam
iÓd#p#ÞT|
i¢t
Aas£t
jan£T
va
?
Delhi city was called Indraprastha in ancient times.
Did you know that?
n
kEvl|
Aï
BartÞy
rajDan£
,
prÓt¤
paÎfvana|
A¢p
rajDan£
Aas£t
.
Not only is it the capital of India today, but it
was the capital of the Pandavas too.
maEhn
,
uxa
-
t¢hI
AæO
p#ac£na¢n
d[gaI¢N
p#asada¢n
c
s¢Ót
va
?
In that case, are there ancient forts and palaces here?
SÄðr:
-
n
,
d¬BaIÂyvSat
dEhl£raÇy|
mhamd£yana|
SasnE
bh¤kal|
Aas£t
.
No, unfortunately the kingdom of Delhi was under the
rule of the Mohammadans for a very long time.
¢¹¢vDa:
mhamd£ya:
dEhl£
raÇyE
Sasn|
Ak[vIn
.
etE
@mS:
s¤Útan
tTa
m¤Gls
i¢t
Áyata:
.
Two types of Muslim rulers ruled over Delhi. They were
known as Sultans and Mughals respectively.
tE
p#ay:
p·aSt
A¢Dk
xzqSta¢n
vxaI¢N
dEhl£ngrSaska:
Aasn
.
They ruled over Delhi for six hundred and fifty years.
tdan£|
p#ay:
svaI¢N
snatnDm£Iy
p#asada¢n
m¢Ódra¢N
c
p#Òv¢Østa¢n
.
During that period, all the palaces and temples of
Sanathana Dharma were destroyed.
jÓtrq
mÓtrq
i¢t
nam"a
s¥yIcÓd#a¢d
-
¢nr£XNaly|
ev
p#c£nEx¤
Av¢S¾|
Þyat
.
Perhaps Jantar Mantar, the observatory, is the only
remnant.
k[t¤¢Ömnarq
sm£pE
y:
Ays
Þt|B:
A¢Þt
,
s:
A¢p
(
saE{¢p
)
snatnDmIp#t£k:
ev
i¢t
kEcn
vd¢Ót
.
The iron pillar near Kutubminar, according to some
people, belongs to Sanathana Dharma.
sayÄðal:
rE¢Únly|
p#Ïyagta:
Evening - Back at the Railway Station.
SÄðr:
-
AagÅCÓt¤
sv©I
.
AÞmak|
Ïv¢rtyanÞy
SynpE¢zkaya|
gÏva
Syn|
k[mI:
.
rEÚyan|
saDI
dSvadnE
p#ÞTÞy¢t
.
We will go to the sleeper compartment of our train and
sleep. The train will leave at 10.30 PM.
pr¢Þmn
¢dnE
p#at:
p·vadnE
Next day, 5 O'clock in the morning.
uma
-
jag#t
,
jag#t
.
p·dS
¢n¢mxaÓtrE
vy|
h¢r¹ar|
p#ap"¤m:
.
Wake up, wake up. Within fifteen minutes we will
reach Hardwar.
uxa
,
maEhn
-
Aa
!
A¢t
S£t|
A¢Þt
.
Oh! It is very cold.
uma
-
jag#t
,
S£G#|
u¢äO¿t
,
AæO
rE¢ÚnlyE
yan|
kEvl|
kticn
¢nmExa¢n
¢t¾¢t
.
Wake up and get up quickly. The train stops here only
for a few minutes.
¢ptamh:
-
AhaE
¢d¾Ya
.
Ah|
AïWv
p¥ta|
gÄña|
pÜya¢m
.
Oh! It is my fortune. At last I will be able to see
the holy Ganges.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson-11 Grammar: Part-1
¢cr|
,
¢crat
¢crEN,
¢cray
-
All these words mean " for a long
time " or "over a long period" or just
"always". All the three are used synonimously,
ireespective of case ending.
n¥n|
-
indeed , definitely, surely etc.. This is also an
indeclinable.
el
z£
s£
-
stands for L.T.C or leave travel concession,
the Indian equivalent of a paid vacation. The
travel costs are paid by the employer.
s|vÏsrE
-
In the year.
s|vÏsr|
,
vÏsr|
,
vxI|
,
AÖd|
are
used synonimously though there are subtle
differences between them.
kÚp¢yt¤m
-
to plan, to imagine
An example of a
t¤m¤n
A¢Bka¢Äüt|
-
desired (also means waited for)
p#akq
-
before. Whenever
p#akq
is used, the event denoted
by the noun or nominal clause refered to by
p#akq
should be in the fifth case.
e.g.,
BaEjnat
p#akq
Þnan|
kraE¢t
.
Before food he/she bathes. Here
p#akq
is used to
imply "before eating".
Þvlßym
-
one's aim or one's desire and goal.
Aam#a:
A¢p
¢s³a:
¢ptraE{¢p
t¦çaa:
A sanskrit proverb which is roughly equivalent
to the English proverb " to kill two birds with
one stone"
cWæOmÒyE
-
in the middle of the month of
cWæO|
p¤nâ¼aznm
- reopening
AymEv
-
sandhi
Ay|
+
ev
AXÙyt¦t£ya
-
A very important occasion on the third day
after Newmoon in the month of
cWæO
. This was
the day on which Goddess Uma (Parvati)
married Lord Shiva.
rEÚyanEn
-
by train , instrumental case
This word is a modern word coined from
rEl
and
yan|
,
rEÚyan|
means train. Similarly
laEkyan|
or
Bus.
p¤Îy
-
holy
sçamaEXp¤yI:
-
As per the traditions of Sanathana Dharma,
residing and leaving the mortal body in one
of these seven towns in India, takes the soul
to heaven.
maEXm
is usually taken to mean
Heaven. In the scriptures it refers to the
liberation of the person from worldly distress.
Indians view the seven towns as places which
remove bondage.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lessson-11 Grammar Part-2
knKl
-
Refer to the notes given in lesson-7
The place where Daksha's Yagna was
performed.
dX:
-
As per the Puranic lore of India, one of the ten
Prajapathis or leaders of people.
y¤va
Kl¤
-
Youth indeed
vatan¤k\l
-
Air-conditioned
A new word in Sanskrit formed from
vat:
and
An¤k\l
. Surprisingly, even the English
term is coined !
sÇj£krNm
-
preparations
s|lapm
-
converse, talk to
²ES:
-
trouble
@£tan
-
purchased, bought
¢v@£tan
means sold, the opposite of
@£tan
SynÞy¥ta¢n
-
Sleeping bag
A coined word (in English too!)
krd£p:
-
Flash light, or a light held in hand
Note how the word is formed
kr
is now
an adjective refering to the hand and
d£p:
refers
to a lamp or source of light.
t£TIpaæO|
-
Water jug, a word coined from
t£TI|
and
paæO|
¢s¼v¢tIka
-
candle
A¬xDa¢n
-
Medicines
d£pna¢n
-
Digestive:
Also
jrN£ya¢n
from the root
j£rq
DnadES:
-
Cheque ( financial instrument)
coined from
Dn|
and
AadES:
p#yaNDnadES:
-
p#yaN|
means travel, so you can guess the
meaning of this word easily.
Yes, it means Traveller's Cheque
¢vÞt¦tkayaInm
-
Again a coined word.
¢vÞt¦t
means widened. So a widened car,
meaning thereby a Van or a mini bus.
Refer to the earlier note on
laEkyanm
Aagtvan
-
means "has come"
p#vtIyam:
-
commence or begin
g¦haN
-
hold
jnsØmdEI
-
in the crowd
Syn£ysHqÁya
-
Berth No. (In a sleeeper coach)
n¥n|
-
means "only" in this context. "I only"
sm£pE
-
near or in the vicinity
¢nkzE
also means the same.
SynÞTan|
-
sleeping place ( the berth in the coach of the
the train with sleeping arrangements)
SÄð[
-
means a lever. Here it means a small catch that
should be released to swing the berth into
the sleeping position.
Syn¢vÞtr|
-
bed
¢vjyvafa
-
A town on the banks of the river Krishna
in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
AaÓD#
-
A state in the southern part of India facing the
Bay of Bengal.
tEl¤g¤
-
A language spoken in Andhra, characterized as
the language with a melodious flow of words,
where most of the words end in aksharas which
always include a vowel, i.e., not ending in a
generic consonant.
Bd#acl|
-
A holy spot on the banks of the river Godavari
where Lord Rama (one of the ten incarnations of
Vishnu) was supposed to have resided during his
search for Sita.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 11: Grammar part-3
GÎza
-
An hour. Also used in the dual sense of
duration and time.
ÞTaÞy¢t
-
stops (verb) (is going to stop)
sEt¤
-
Bridge
tr¢t
-
crosses (verb)
trNm
-
crossing
nagp¤r£
-
A city in the heart of India.
p#ac£n|
-
ancient
klacar:
-
culture.
klacar:
-
a composite word
formed from
kla
and
Aacar
. We are not
surprised that this combination has manifested
in the word "culture" in English.
kEÓd#
-
Center
kEÓd#£y
-
central
¢vdBI
-
An ancient state (region) of India to which
great emperors like Nala belonged. The emperors
had a common title called
B£Ýmk:
.
rajp¤æO£
-
princess
p#Áyattma
-
most well known
½£k]ÝN:
-
One of the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu.
Lord Krishna plays an important and central
figure in the epic Mahabharata.
â¢ÀmN£
-
one among the eight wives of Sri Krishna
nl
,
dmyÓt£
-
Nala, the king of Nishada on whom the
poet Harsha has composed the Naishada kavya.
k¢vraja¢Draj:
-
The King of Kings among poets. A
compound noun.
ka¢ldas:
-
One of the greatest poets of India, who
has composed world renowned Sanskrit works
such as Sakuntalam, Raghuvamsam etc..
p¦T¤k|
-
Beaten Rice , used as a cereal and eaten with milk.
X£r|
-
milk .
py:,
d[ÂD|
also refer to milk.
mD¤
-
honey
saØp#da¢yk|
-
traditional
sØp#day:
-
tradition
p#t£XÞv
-
wait (imperative)
Sakahar:
-
derived from
Sak:
meaning vegetable.
sa¢mxahar:
-
derived from
Aa¢mx
meaning flesh or meat
åOanaTIm
-
In order to know. Just to know. when the ending
ATI
is added to certain nouns, it gives the
purpose for which the action is done or taken up.
maEXaTIm
-
In order to be liberated or for the
purpose of liberation
BaEjnaTIm
-
for the purpose of taking food
ÞnanaTIm
-
for the purpose of taking a bath
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson-11 Grammar part-4
smyE
p#aÔÞy¢t
cEt
-
The word
cEt
stands for ' if '.
Here it means ' if the train reaches on time"
A few examples,
pr£Xa|
uäOra¢m
cEt
If I pass the examination
uïaEg|
p#aÔÞy¢s
cEt
if you get the job
paEz¢lka
-
means a packet, of paper or cloth
In this case it refers to a food packet.
Apraþ
-
Afternoon
p¥vaIþ
-
ante-meridian or before noon
vn
-
Forest
vn|
,
kann|
,
kaÓtar:
all refer to forest
SWl|
-
mountain
¢g¢r:
,
SWl|
,
pvIt:
refer to mountains
ja¢mta
-
boredom
kT¢yÝya¢m
-
will tell the story. This word is in Future
tense.
ApahrN|
-
removal, in this lesson it refers to the severing
of the head.
baFm
-
just means OK or alright
s¤ta
-
daughter
s¤ta
,
p¤æO£
,
tnya
,
AaÏmja
,
kÓya
,
d[¢hta
all mean ' daughter '
AnEka
-
many
The word is formed by prefixing
ek:
with
An
The prefix
An
has the effect of negating or
giving the opposite meaning of the word to which
the prefix is added.
Some examples,
AÓtm
-
end or limit
AnÓtm
-
limitless
Now, do you see the connection in
ending and unending
oppose and unoppose
armed and unarmed ?
The connection you see is reason enough to
reckon Sanskrit as the very first language of
the world.
There are other prefixes which are similar
The prefix
p#
is also seen in the same manner.
It means before. For instance
preschool, predetermine !
tasa|
mÒyE
AÓytma
-
One among them
Usage of the word will depend on the gender of
the noun referred to.
e.g.,
Plana|
mÒyE
AÓytm|
sEÛyPl|
Apple is one among fruits.
p¢tv#tana|
mÒyE
AÓytma
s£ta
Among the Pativrata Sthrees (women of honour
in following a life of chastity) Seetha is one.
dSana|
AvtaraNa|
mÒyE
½£k]ÝN:
AÓytm:
Sri Krishna is one of the Avataras (of Lord Vishnu)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 11 Grammar Part-5
d¢yta
-
dearest: Here it means ' wife '
It may also mean ' daughter '
uÏk]¾:
-
great
p#Nam|
-
obeisance
¢v¹Ex|
-
enmity
mhayåO|
,
yåO|
-
yåO
is a sacrifice and
mhayåO
is a
great sacrifice.
Bag:
-
share, portion
¢njd[¢ht_:
-
one's daughters
¢nmÓæON|
- invitation
st£mhadEvyaE:
-
to Sati and Mahadeva
¢ptr¬
-
parents.
Note:
¢ptr¬
may also mean two fathers (Dual).
Here it means father and mother.
uÏs¤ka
-
eager, keen
(uÏs¤k:
-
masculine
)
¢nva¢rta
-
forbidden
Aaèta
-
well received , well treated
sm¢pItvan
-
presented
Bt¤I:
-
of husband
Apman|
-
insult
Ap¦ÅCt
-
asked or questioned
¢nÓda
-
abuse
Ashmana
-
unable to bear (refers to a person)
shman:
-
masculine
shmana
-
feminine
bearing or withstanding
(able to bear or withstand)
ÞvÞy
-
one's
dEh|
-
body
yaEgag"¬
-
In the Yogic fire
This is a reference to the fire kindled by the
control of the vital airs in a person. A belief
as per the Sanathana Dharma.
mrN|
- death
â¾:
-
angry, angered
sEnap¢t:
-
commander in chief
v£rBd#:
-
Name of Lord Shiva's commander in chief
XEæO|
-
a center of Pilgrimage
In general it means a cultivated place.
But may have different meanings in
different contexts.
b#'a
-
The God Brahma
p¤rÞk]Ïy
-
Keeping in the lead
This word is composed of
p¤r:
-
in front
and
k]Ïva
(k]t)
p¤nj£IvnaTI|
-
In order to restore (one's) life
AjÙy
-
unbeatable, unconquerable
Aal×y
-
having procured or after procuring
The proper meaning is cut into pieces
glE
-
the part of the body just below the head,
comprising the neck, nape
cmk|
-
This refers to the Vedic Mantra in the Krishna
Yajur Veda, which Daksha recited. It contains
many instances of the akshara
mE
which resembles
the sound of bleating.
p#S|sa
-
praise
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 11 Grammar Part-6
ÞtaEæO|
-
A praise , usually in the form of verse
prEï¤:
-
next day
Ïv¢rtyan|
-
Express Train (fast train)
p#Tm½EN£
-
p#t£Xaly|
-
First class waiting room
in a railway station
iÓd#p#ÞT|
-
The ancient name for Delhi when it was
the capital of the Pandava empire
rajDan£
-
Capital
paÎfvana|
-
Of Pandavas,
Please refer to the previous lesson to
get the meaning
d[gaI¢N
-
Fortresses, castles
d[gIm
-
singular
p#asada¢n
-
palaces, buildings
d¬BaIÂyvSat
-
unfortunately
is derived from
d[BaIÂym
-
misfortune
by adding
vSat
-
due to
kaEpvSat
-
due to anger
mhamd£ya
-
The followers of Mohammad the Prophet
SasnE
- Under the rule of
bh¤kal|
-
long time
¢¹¢vDa:
-
two types
@mS:
-
respectively, in that order
snatnDmI:
-
The literal translation of this is
" the eternal code" . In this lesson, it refers to
the so called Hindu religion.
m¢Ódr|
-
temple
m¢Ódra¢N
-
plural
p#Òv|¢sta¢n
-
demolished
jÓtrq
-
mÓtrq
-
yÓæam¢Ódrm
refers to an observatory in Delhi built
several hundreds of years ago. It has a unique
sun-dial.
This word is a rendering in Hindi of the Sanskrit
root words
yÓæa
m¢Ódr
or Instrument Palace.
¢nr£XNaly|
-
Place of observation
¢nr£XNm
-
observation
The word
Aalym
is added as we have seen
earlier, to many nouns to denote the place of
occurrence of the action specified by the noun.
The word
XEæOm
is also used in place of
Aalym
.
Av¢S¾m
-
remaining
AyÞÞt|B:
-
Ays
Þt|B:
Iron pillar
Ays
or
Ay:
refers to Iron.
This is root word from which the word "Iron"
is derived.
There is a pillar made of Iron in Delhi, in front
of the Kutub Minar which has never rusted. This
is a metallurgical marvel that continues to
puzzle scientists and engineers even now in
the twentyfirst century.
p#t£k:
-
symbolic representation.
pr¢Þmn
¢dnE-
anothert day , the same meaning as
prEï¤:
¢d¾Ya
-
fortunately, by good luck
p¥ttgÄñam
-
the Holy Ganges (river)